1.简单应用示例
导入struts1的jar包，然后配置xml，写java和jsp
/struts/WebRoot/Login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> </head> <body> <form action ="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/login.do"> username : <input type='text' name ='username' /> password : <input type='password' name ='password' /> <input type="submit" value="login"/> </form> </body> </html>
/struts/WebRoot/LoginSuccess.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> 登陆成功 </body> </html>
/struts/WebRoot/LoginFailure.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> 登陆失败 </body> </html>
/struts/WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml </param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
/struts/WebRoot/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd"> <struts-config> <form-beans> <form-bean name="loginForm" type="cn.itcast.LoginForm"></form-bean> </form-beans> <action-mappings> <action path="/login" type="cn.itcast.LoginAction" name="loginForm"> <forward name="success" path="/LoginSuccess.jsp"></forward> <forward name="failure" path="/LoginFailure.jsp"></forward> </action> </action-mappings> </struts-config>
/struts/src/cn/itcast/LoginAction.java
package cn.itcast; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; public class LoginAction extends Action { public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub LoginForm loginForm= (LoginForm)form ; String username = loginForm.getUsername(); if("itcast".equals(username)){ return mapping.findForward("success"); }else{ return mapping.findForward("failure"); } } }
/struts/src/cn/itcast/LoginForm.java
package cn.itcast; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; public class LoginForm extends ActionForm { private String username = null; private String password = null; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
2.Action什么时候初始化？发出该Action请求，不是在读取配置文件时初始化。
3.每个Action只会初始化一次
4. Action是线程不安全的，因为所有的请求都共享一个action实例
5.怎样实现action的安全性编程？
1)注意不要用实例变量或者类变量共享只是针对某个请求的数据
2)注意资源操作的同步性
应用：统计一个action的访问次数
在调用时加1，注意用Sychronzied同步变量
6.ActionMapping类，可以获取ActionMapping里配置的信息
7.ActionForward
redirect:false ---------requestDispather:forward(重定向)默认值
true-----------httpServletResponse:sendRedirect（重新发出请求）
8.ActionForm
1）检查action的映射，确定action中已经配置了对ActionForm的映射
2）根据name属性，查找formbean的配置信息
3）检查action的formbean的使用范围，确定在此范围下（request、session），是否已经有此formbean的实例
4）假如已经存在就重用
5）否则就重新构造，并保存在一定的范围
9.Action
1)attribute:用来存取form的关键字，缺省值与name一样
2)validate：用来控制是否校验表单（校验开关），缺省ture--校验
3)input如果表单校验不通过则跳转到该值所代表的目标模块，一般结合validate：true来使用
10.全局跳转
<global-forwards>
<forward name="error" path="/error.jsp"></forward>
</global-forwards>
11.ForwardAction不直接访问jsp，每次都访问action.do
<action path="/action" forward="/action.jsp"></action>
12.DispatchAction用一个action来分发请求，xml配置parameter参数
调用时加参数/risk.do?method=action中的方法名
<action path="/risk" type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" parameter="method"></action>